Installation Materials

Which materials are needed for installing recessed spots?

The basis for any recessed spotlight installation starts with the right provisions for power supply and mounting. The table below provides an overview of the most commonly used materials and their function.

Safely and reliably connecting recessed spots

The way spots are connected is important for the functionality and safety of the entire lighting system. There are two main methods: parallel and series wiring.

Connecting spots in parallel

In a parallel circuit, all spots are connected directly to the main power circuit. This means each spot receives the full voltage. The advantage of this method is that if one spot fails, the others remain lit. This is the most common method for recessed spots, especially when operating on 230V mains voltage.

For 12V spots, a transformer is required to convert the 230V mains to 12V. Each spot is then connected in parallel to this transformer.

Connecting spots in series

In a series circuit, spots are connected in a chain, one after another. The current flows from one spot to the next. This method is less commonly used for standard recessed spots and is more typical for specific LED solutions that operate on current (mA) rather than voltage (V). The characteristic of a series connection is that if one spot fails, the entire chain stops working. Modern LEDs sometimes have built-in 'bypasses' to circumvent this issue, but it remains a point of attention.

Junction boxes and wire connectors: essential for wire connections

Junction boxes and wire connectors are fundamental components in every electrical installation. They serve as secure and organized points for connecting electrical wires.

• Junction boxes: These are plastic housings where wire connections are made. They protect the connections against dust, moisture, and mechanical damage. Junction boxes come in various sizes and IP ratings, depending on the environmental conditions (indoors or outdoors, damp or dry).
• Wire connectors: These small plastic caps, often with a spiral-shaped interior, are used to firmly and safely connect stripped wires inside the junction box. They provide an insulated and reliable connection.

Wire terminals and terminal blocks: methods for wire connections

For connecting wires inside junction boxes or directly at a spot, wire terminals and terminal blocks are frequently used options, each with its own advantages and application areas.

• Wire terminals (WAGO connectors): These are modern connectors that enable quick and tool-free connections. Available in various types for solid and flexible wires, they allow multiple wires to be connected easily and reliably. The transparent housing of many wire terminals enables visual inspection of the connection.
• Terminal blocks: These are traditional connector blocks with screw terminals. They provide a secure connection that can be undone. Although they take more time than wire terminals, for some applications they are still preferred, particularly when connecting lamps with flexible wires directly to a fixed point.

Hollow-wall boxes: sturdy mounting in hollow spaces

When recessed spots are installed in hollow walls or ceilings, such as plasterboard or wood, hollow-wall boxes are an important addition. These boxes provide a stable and safe installation space for the spot and associated wiring. They prevent the spot from sinking or shifting in the cavity and ensure a neat finish. Hollow-wall boxes are available in various depths and diameters to suit the specific installation sizes of different spots.

Electrical cables and wires: the lifeline of your lighting

The selection and correct installation of electrical cables and wires are crucial for the safety and functionality of your lighting system.

• Installation wire: This is the core of the wiring. For fixed installations, wires of 1.5mm² or 2.5mm² are generally used, depending on the total power and circuit protection. Common color codes include brown (phase wire), blue (neutral), and yellow/green (earth).
• Conduit or installation tube: Where wires run through hollow spaces or inside the wall, it’s advisable to use conduits or installation tubes. These protect wires from mechanical damage and make it easier to replace or add wires later.
• Heat-resistant cabling: For spots that generate significant heat, it is important to use heat-resistant cabling to prevent melting and fire hazards. LED spots generally produce less heat, but inspection remains important.

Ferrules: for reliable connections

When connecting flexible wires, such as those often attached to spots, to terminal blocks or connector strips, ferrules are a valuable addition. These are small metal sleeves that are crimped over the stripped end of the wire.

The benefits of ferrules include:

• Reliable connection: They prevent fine copper strands from fraying and ensure a firmer contact in the terminal, reducing the risk of loose connections and transition resistance.
• Safety: A solid connection reduces the risk of heat buildup and short circuits.
• Ease of installation: They make it easier and quicker to insert flexible wires into terminals.

Heat dissipation materials: important for lifespan and safety

Although LED spots produce significantly less heat than traditional halogen spots, proper heat dissipation remains important—especially for installation in ceilings with insulation material.

• Installation hoods or insulation boxes: These are fire-resistant hoods or enclosures placed around the recessed spot. They create a safe distance between the spot and flammable insulation material, prevent overheating, and ensure unobstructed air circulation around the spot. This benefits the LED's lifespan and prevents fire hazards.
• Adequate installation depth: Always check the required installation depth for the spot and ensure there is enough space in the ceiling.

Tools for installing recessed spots

In addition to materials, the right tools are essential for a smooth and safe installation. Some commonly used tools include:

• Voltage tester: Essential to check that the power is off before starting. Safety first.
• Hole saw: For accurately cutting holes of the correct diameter in the ceiling. Make sure the diameter matches the installation size of the spot.
• Wire stripper: For neatly and safely stripping insulation from electrical wires.
• Screwdrivers (flat and Phillips): For securing terminal blocks or other components.
• Measuring tape and pencil: For precise measuring and marking of spot positions.
• Draw tape (fish tape): Handy for pulling wires through conduits or hollow spaces in ceilings.

Selecting the right installation materials and following a careful work method contribute to a safe and durable lighting installation. If in doubt about the installation, it is advisable to consult a qualified electrician.