Spots

The various types of spotlights and their applications

Spotlights come in many forms, each with its own characteristics and suitability for specific applications. Below, we elaborate on the most common types.

GU10 spots: versatile and directly connectable to 230V

GU10 spots are widely used and recognizable by their two thickened pins, which are 10 millimeters apart. These spots operate directly on 230V mains voltage, making them usable without a transformer. This makes the installation simple: the spot is pushed into the fixture and turned a quarter-turn to secure. The GU10 is a common choice for general ceiling lighting and accent lighting.

• Application area: Suitable for both residential and commercial environments. They are often used in recessed spot fixtures in living rooms, kitchens, hallways, as well as in stores and offices for general or targeted lighting.
• Light colors and dimmability: Available in various light colors, from very warm white (2200K - 2700K) for ambiance to cool white (4000K) for a functional work environment. Many GU10 LED spots are dimmable, including 'dim-to-warm' variants that make the light color warmer when dimmed.
• Sizes: The standard diameter of the GU10 spot is 50mm (AR16 size). There are also variants with a diameter of 35mm, often referred to as MR11 size, which fit into smaller fixtures and also operate directly on 230V.

MR16 (GU5.3) and MR11 (GU4) spots: 12V low voltage

MR16 spots, with a GU5.3 fitting, and MR11 spots, with a GU4 fitting, are characterized by their two thin pins, which are 5.3mm and 4mm apart, respectively. These spots operate on a low voltage of 12V, which means they always require a transformer to convert the 230V mains voltage to 12V. Installation involves simply inserting the pins into the fitting.

• Application area: Often used in areas where safety with low voltage is desired, such as bathrooms (provided the fixture is suitable for damp environments), or in furniture and showcases where compact lighting with minimal heat development is desired. They are suitable for accent and display lighting.
• Transformers: It is crucial to use a transformer compatible with LED lighting. Old halogen transformers can cause issues with the minimum load of LED spots, resulting in flickering. Pay attention to the minimum and maximum load (Watt) of the transformer.

AR111 (G53) spots: powerful, focused lighting

AR111 spots, with a G53 fitting, are larger spots with a diameter of approximately 111 millimeters and two flat pins. Like MR16 and MR11 spots, AR111 spots standardly operate on 12V low voltage and therefore require a suitable transformer. They are known for their powerful light output and the ability to precisely direct the light beam, often with a narrow beam angle.

• Application area: These spots are often found in stores, showrooms, museums, and hospitality venues where they are used to accentuate specific objects, products, or artworks. They are also applicable in higher spaces or where there is a need for a strong light beam.
• Installation: For stable operation, a dimmable 12V LED transformer with sufficient power is important. Although 230V AR111 spots are less common, there are fixtures that operate directly on mains voltage with a built-in driver. Always consult the product specifications.

Recessed spots: seamless integration into the ceiling

Recessed spots are fixtures discreetly placed in a ceiling or wall, creating a sleek and modern look. They can be delivered with either an integrated LED light source or a separate fitting (such as GU10, GU5.3).

Read also: How do I install recessed spots?

Essential installation material for spots

Besides the spots themselves, the right installation material is essential for safe and functional lighting.

Fittings

The fitting is the connection between the spot and the fixture, and thus with the power supply. The most common fittings for spots are GU10, GU5.3, GU4, and G53. Ensure that the spot's fitting corresponds to that of the fixture.

Transformers and LED drivers

For 12V spots (such as MR16, MR11, AR111), a transformer is necessary to convert the mains voltage. For LED spots, an "LED driver" or "electronic transformer" with a minimal load suitable for LED is crucial. Always check the manufacturer's compatibility table to avoid flickering or defects.

Read also: Which transformer do I need?

Dimmers

If you want to adjust the light intensity of your spots, dimmable spots combined with a suitable LED dimmer are needed. Conventional dimmers are often not suitable for LED and can lead to unstable dimming or damage to the lamps. Choose an LED dimmer that works with phase-cut or phase-dim, depending on the LED spot's specifications. Note the minimum and maximum connection value of the dimmer.

Read also: What is important when dimming LED?

Installation tips for the professional

When installing spots, a careful approach is important for both functionality and safety.

1. Safety first: Always turn off the power before starting the installation. Check with a voltage tester to ensure that the power is actually turned off.
2. Right distance between spots: The desired light output per square meter determines the distance between the spots. For general lighting in a living room, 300-500 Lumens per m² is often recommended. For accent lighting, the distance between the spots can be smaller to accentuate a specific object. A rough rule of thumb for recessed spots in a normal room is a spacing of approximately 80 to 120 cm.
3. Space above the fixture: For recessed spots, especially halogen variants (although LED produces much less heat), sufficient free space behind the fixture is essential for heat dissipation. Consider the installation depth and any insulation materials.
4. Wiring and connections: Ensure correct and safe electrical connections. Use wire connectors or terminal blocks as needed to connect wires. For 12V systems: place the transformer in an easily accessible and well-ventilated spot.