Extension Cords

Types of Extension Cords: Safety and Application

Extension cords are available in various designs, tailored to the specific requirements of the location and the type of connected device. The main differences are in the grounding method and suitability for indoor or outdoor use.

Grounding of Extension Cords

• Extension cords with grounding: These cords feature a plug and socket with grounding. They can be recognized by the metal contacts on the side. They provide a safe discharge of excess current, which is mandatory for grounded devices and is the standard in most modern electrical installations.
• Extension cords without grounding (Europlug): These cords have a flat plug and are suitable for devices with double insulation, for which grounding is not necessary. They are generally not suitable for equipment with higher current consumption.

Suitability for Indoor and Outdoor Use (IP Rating)

The environment where an extension cord is used determines the required level of protection. The IP rating (Ingress Protection) indicates how well the cord is protected against dust and water.

Materials such as neoprene or rubber are often used for outdoor extension cords, as they offer extra resistance to UV radiation, oils, and fluctuating temperatures.

Selecting Power Capacity and Length

The cross-section of the wires in an extension cord determines how much current the cord can safely conduct. This is important for connecting various devices.

Conductor Thickness and Maximum Load

Each extension cord has a maximum current load that it can handle safely. This capacity is indicated in amperes (A) and wattage (W), and depends on the cross-section of the copper wires in the cable.

It is important to check the wattage or amperage of the device to be connected and to ensure the extension cord can handle this load. Insufficient wire thickness can lead to voltage drop and overheating of the cord.

Length of the Extension Cord

Extension cords are available in various lengths, ranging from a few meters to fifty meters or more. Choose a length sufficient for the required distance, but avoid using a longer cord than strictly necessary. With long cords and high current loads, noticeable voltage drop may occur.

Safe Use of Extension Cords and Cable Reels

Proper handling of extension cords and cable reels minimizes risks and extends the lifespan of the material.

• Fully unwind reels: When connecting high-power devices, use a cable reel that is completely unwound. A rolled-up cord cannot dissipate heat properly, which can lead to overheating and hazardous situations.
• Avoid overloading: Do not connect too many devices, especially high-current ones, to a single extension cord or reel at the same time. This can overload the electrical installation.
• Protect against external influences: Make sure outdoor cords are suitable for the conditions. Keep plug connections dry, possibly using a special cover. Avoid physical damage from kinking, crushing, or driving over cords.
• Unplug by the plug: Disconnect a cord by grabbing the plug, not by pulling the cable itself. This prevents damage to the wiring and connection.

Extension Cord versus Cable Reel: A Comparison

While both tools provide power at a distance, there is a functional distinction between a single extension cord and a cable reel.